Whitbread Pompey Royal

Pompey Royal Beer Mat, a photo by john lilburne on Flickr.

Enough about old inns for now. Time for a beer. I'm very interested in the history of this particular beer.My first encounter with Whitbread Pompey Royal was in the autumn of 1985 at the Windsor Tavern (now the Earth and Stars), Windsor Street, Brighton. A few pints on top of a couple of weaker beers would give me a ‘thick head’ the next morning, so I learned to treat it with respect. I recall a potent, full-bodied, sweetish, malty brew, darker-brown in colour than most bitters. I didn’t record its strength but have assumed it to have been around OG 1046/7°. This may, of course, be a retrospective overestimate because, back then, there were fewer strong beers about and I wasn’t that accustomed to those that were. And yet - if I could place a glass of that Whitbread Pompey Royal side by side against today’s Oakleaf version, I’m sure that what I drank in 1985 would be darker in colour, fuller in body, sweeter and stronger – a different recipe in fact, even though my first taste of Oakleaf Pompey Royal led me to describe that as an “recognizable recreation”. But is there any hard evidence to back up my unreliable, subjective account?

It appears that Pompey Royal as a brand had been out of production for about a decade until Oakleaf resurrected it in 2008. From its first mention as an Oakleaf beer in the CAMRA Good Beer Guide of 2008, we have to go back to the 1997 edition to find it listed again - under Gale’s Brewery, Horndean, Hampshire, for throughout much of the 1990s Pompey Royal was brewed at OG 1043°/ABV 4.5% for Whitbread by George Gale & Co Ltd. We find he initial notification that Gale’s were brewing Pompey Royal in the 1991 GBG under the Whitbread entry. Tasting notes first appear the following year under Gale’s: “Now tastes more like it did when originally brewed in Portsmouth. A strong bitter finish follows a pear flavoured, slightly sweet middle period. Pears also come though in the aroma of this mid-brown beer.” An interesting addition to the 1993 edition reads “becoming harder to find. Perhaps a return to the stronger, original Brickwoods Best recipe would help.” So there we are. Pompey Royal was previously a stronger beer called Brickwoods Best. I never to my knowledge had the Gale’s version so let’s conclude the Gale’s period with the tasting notes provided from 1994-7: “A brown beer with a hint of red. Low in aroma, with the flavour dominated by sweetness and pear fruit. The finish can be a little cloying.”

The 1990 GBG is significant in two ways. First, for telling us that Pompey Royal, still at OG 1043°, is being brewed outside Hampshire, at Fremlins, Court Street, Faversham, Kent, to be precise, an outpost of the Whitbread Empire. Second, this edition of the guide was the first to discuss the development of a “beer taste vocabulary”. So savour this tasting note from that year for the Fremlins version – “Deep russet-brown with a fruity aroma and a well-balanced flavour with fruit and malt prominent, a lingering vineous finish” – for pithy one-liners are the best we get from now on. The 1989 GBG, for examples, states only that the Fremlins version is a “Strong bitter with loyal Portsmouth following”. We have still some time to go before we find it brewed there because the 1984-1988 editions of the GBG place the production of Pompey Royal at Monson Aveune, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, this then being “Whitbread’s only remaining traditional brewery serving the S. West, Wales and the W. Midlands.” So the beer called Pompey Royal that I first tasted at the Windsor Tavern, Brighton in the autumn of 1985 was actually brewed in Gloucestershire! And it had been so since 1984 when the Cheltenham operation went under the heading of Whitbread Flowers.

So what kind of beer was it? The 1986 edition records the Cheltenham version of Pompey Royal as simply a “stronger bitter”, while the previous year’s entry puts it as a “full-bodied bitter”. For both these years the beer remains at OG 1043° but the 1984 GBG gives OG 1046.9° for the first year of production at Cheltenham. Possibly this version used “the stronger, original Brickwoods Best recipe” recalled in the 1993 GBG. But how could it have been what I drank at Brighton, despite the OG coinciding exactly with my retrospective estimate? For given the compilation and production period for the GBG surely the 1986 edition would be the relevant one for the autumn of 1985. It is therefore hard to escape the conclusion that my memory is playing tricks on me. Evidence suggests that my first Pompey Royal was a less potent brew than I recall.

The OG of 1046.9° is retained for Whitbread Pompey Royal in the GBG from 1983-1978, where it is described as “a full-bodied, well-hopped bitter”. The important difference is that it was then brewed at the Portsmouth Brewery, Admiralty Road, Portsea. This had been the home of Brickwoods until 1971 when they sold up to Whitbread for £15m. Two years later the businesses became known as Whitbread Wessex Ltd. While brewing continued at the Portsmouth Brewery until the autumn of 1983, production was then transferred to Cheltenham. Much of the Portsmouth site was demolished in 1989. The photo shows how flats and a car-park now cover most of the area.

I had already found on p. 195 of Michael Dunn’s (1979) The Penguin Guide to Real Draught Beer, “Pompey Royal (1046) … the renamed Brickwood’s Best, an excellent full-flavoured bitter.” And there, listed under Whitbread in both the 1977 and 1976 GBG is Brickwoods Best (1046). No. 3 Mash Tun was normally used at Brickwoods for Pompey Royal, states the website ‘The History of Brickwoods of Portsmouth’. The recipe appears on a couple of home brewing web sites, which give their source as Dave Line’s (1978) book, Brewing Beers Like Those You Buy. In simple form the ex-Brickwoods Best version of Pompey Royal is Pale and Crystal malt, Fuggles, Brambling Cross and Goldings (or EKG) hops. Although a rather different beast to the Oakleaf version, it is almost certainly not the variety I first tasted in late-1985 at the Windsor Tavern, Brighton. A further point - while Brickwoods Best became Pompey Royal sometime around 1977, the latter name has an older provenance. That is why you follow me back to the 1950s in the Portsmouth and Brighton United Pompey Royal Blog.

Star Inn, Alfriston

“One of the oldest and most interesting inns in England” is how the Star is described by William Gaunt in his (1958) Old Inns of England in Colour. An oft quoted tale is that the original inn on the site was the Star of Bethlehem, founded in the 13th century by the Abbey of Battle as a hospice for pilgrims on the route between Canterbury and the shrine of St. Richard at Chichester. Plausible as this story may be, it is but mere conjecture. Most writers assign a mid-15th century origin to the magnificent craftsmanship of the present High Street elevation. Here the whole weight of the heavy Horsham slab roof, and overhanging upper storey with its three oriel lead-lighted windows, is carried by a single lateral moulded oak beam. A recent professional archaeological survey of the site dates the oldest surviving structure of the Star to 1490 +/- 30 years, while Juliet Clarke, in the December 2010 issue of Sussex Past and Present, makes what she calls “a compelling case” for the Star Inn having been built by one John Archer or Cutler in 1483.

The sturdy oak front door is likely mid-16th Tudor, together with the massive internal support beams and standing uprights. There is much opening out of the brick-floored interior and I suspect that the panelling on the right was once matched on the left to form a corridor leading to the fine oak staircase. Look up at the old, carved timber arch above the door into the enclosed front-right bar. The counter front is of old timbers on hardboard, while the counter top and back shelving, I am informed, are from the 1950s. Spot the disused staff door at the left of the servery and the flap and split door from the passage. The inn was supposedly a sanctuary house. See the window wall post bearing in gothic script the sacred letters IHS, this touched by fugitives to grant them protection from their persecutors. It is further claimed that this room was once the inn kitchen and that the open hearth, with its iron fireback, is of Tudor construction. 

The comfortable left-side lounge was two rooms now conjoined; the fireplace in stone is flat-arched Tudor; the other has the hallmarks of 1930s brickwork. Backing onto this is a mid-20th century stepped brick fireplace, located in the Library Room. The rear areas are modern and one must return outside to view the most fascinating features, the intriguing assortment of medieval wood carvings arrayed along the half-timbered frontage.  St Michael fights an amphisbaena; two serpents entwine tails below a tabernacle; a mitred bishop is attended by stag couchant; what could be a monkey and bear (or lion) climb a coronet-topped staff at a corner post, while dotted around are various heraldic emblems and grotesque ‘Green Men’ gargoyles; a terrier is carved into the north-east corner; a Bacchanalian reveller with bottle and flask has apparently disappeared or was misconstrued in the first place. Most curious of all is the red-painted lion-like figurehead free-standing on the pavement. Of “repellent mien, globular, basilisk eye, immense, implacable jaw and sensual lips” (Garry Hogg, 1974, The English Country Inn), it is reputed to have been salvaged some centuries ago from a Dutch naval vessel.

The identification of the carved figures and the provenance of the figurehead require more investigation. Watch this space.